RESP: Relay suitability-based routing protocol for video streaming in vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Video streaming in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a fundamental requirement for a roadside emergency and smart video surveillance services. However, vehicles moving at a high speed usually create unstable wireless links that drop video frames qualities. In a high-density network, network collision between vehicles is another obstacle in improving the scalability of unicast routing protocols. In this paper, the RElay Suitability-based Routing Protocol (RESP) which makes a routing decision based on the link stability measurement was proposed for an uninterrupted video streaming. The RESP estimates the geographic advancement and link stability of a vehicle towards its destination only in the small region. To ensure the reliability while extending the scalability of routing, the relay suitability metric integrates the packet delay, collision dropping, link stability, and the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) in the weighted division algorithm, and selects a high-quality forwarding node for video streaming. The experimental results demonstrated the proposed RESP outperformed the link Lifetime-aware Beacon-less Routing Protocol (LBRP) and other traditional geographical streaming protocols in providing a high packet delivery ratio and packet delay with various network densities, and proved the scalability support of RESP for video streaming

Issues and Challenges of Video Dissemination in VANET and Routing Protocol: Review

New technology called Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), this topology quick changing and frequent disconnection has taken huge attention within last years and makes it complex to design an active routing protocol to routing data among vehicles, Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication and Vehicle to roadside Infrastructure (V2I). Routing protocols which existing for VANETs don’t efficient upon meet all traffic scenarios. Hence, the study of an efficient routing protocol has received significant recognition. Therefore, it is really essential to distinguish the pros and cons of routing protocols that can be done for additional growth or development of any new routing protocol. This study present different aspects of VANET technologies that form a real life vehicular network. More detail for the potential applications and current initiatives for the vehicle networks are covered. In addition, brief discussion of existing related work on video streaming in VANETs which are focused on different protocol stack layers. Finally, provides a comprehensive background on vehicular communication networks. Also, the surveys different routing techniques that have improved video broadcasting functionality to achieve acceptable QoS over VANETs

An effective transmit packet coding with trust-based relay nodes in VANETs

ehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are characterized by limited network resources such as limited bandwidth and battery capacity. Hence, it is necessary that unnecessary use of network resources (such as unnecessary packet transfers) is reduced in such networks so that the available power can be conserved for efficient multicast communications. In this paper, we have presented a Transmit Packet Coding (TPC) Network Coding in VANET to ensure reliable and efficient multicasting. With network coding, the number of transmitted packets over the network can be reduced, ensuring efficient utilization of network devices and resources. Here, the trust-based graph optimization is performed using Cuckoo search algorithm to select the secure relay nodes. The experimental results showed the superiority of the presented approach compared to the existing techniques in terms of throughput, latency, hop delay, packet delivery ratio, network decoder outage probability, and block error rate

A Review of User Authentication Model for Online Banking System based on Mobile IMEI Number

The traditional banking system, such as transactions over the counter using bank book is enhanced by adding the elements of electronic banking, where nowadays all transaction can be done over the network, because of globalization and the advancement of information and communication technology. However, significant threats to this technology also come in parallel, such as from banking frauds. This is why building trust among banking users by providing security mechanisms is very important. In the electronic banking, security mechanisms mainly focus on proving a secure environment for the online transaction, especially user authentication. Many researchers have been proposed various models for the online user access authentication for the banking industry. Most of the researches are based on traditional the form of username and password, but with the varying mechanism of password forms. For example, password in arbitrary value, password in arbitrary value through secured channel, as well as biometric like fingerprint recognition, voice recognition, or retina recognition. In this paper we reviewed the current existing user access for online banking based on mobile phone, the functions of the SIM card, the characteristics mobile of the SIM card are described. Cloning, a threat to the SIM card is also described. Findings show that all the security model for online user access contains password in the form of value, biometric, or PIN. Thus, none of the existing user access proposed the idea of the user access based on International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number to strength the security of the user access. The IMEI is a 15- or 17-digit code that uniquely identifies mobile phone sets

Hybrid LTE-VANETs Based Optimal Radio Access Selection

In road networks, the mutual metric for the location of the optimal route relaying on two points is either the length of the path or the time of the trip. Hence, the selection of access to any radio access technology (RAT) from a variety of RATs by a user for onward association has been intensively investigated by vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). In particular, it carries and distributes information, inter-communicates, and is capable of communicating with other stationary units deployed along the roadways. The problem is low data packet delivery ratio, high delay, link transmission instability, and the number of hopes per route. This paper proposed an ancient hybrid optimal radio access selection algorithm (ORAS) which combines the LTE and VANET networks with accomplishing high data packet delivery ratios and low delay, while maintaining the minimum level of cellular infrastructure usage by means of increasing the stability of link transmission and reducing the number of hopes per route. The proposed algorithm is the multi-hop-routing-protocol-based IEEE 802.11p/LTE hybrid architecture. The optimal radio access selection algorithm (ORAS), based on IEEE 802.11p radio resource management (RRM), examines the IEEE 802.11p network load through the monitor mechanism of network load. The monitor mechanism, in turn, observes the queue length to determine the current network loads. The ORAS/RRM entity broadcasts beacons through its IEEE 802.11p interface once the queue length is inferior to a particular threshold limit. Nonetheless, the existing network load might cause a collision case which leads to severe performance degradation on the condition that the queue length exceeds specific threshold limit

Peak-to-average power ratio reduction based on optimized phase shift technique

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Multi-Carrier (MC) system, technique has drawn significant interests in recent years. The major drawback is high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is the phase factors optimization in terms of multiplications and complex additions. In this paper, an optimized phase shift (OPS) technique based signal scrambling is proposed to reduce PAPR in OFDM systems. The pilot phase signal is chosen by OPS technique, while the search algorithm is used to solve the convex optimization problem. The IEEE 802.11a standard used to test the in term of transmitted signal of OFDM. The OPS is analyzed at different phase shift with a slight computational complexity. The simulation result shows that the OSP at 1.5 dB proved significant at approximately 84.8% and 71.8% PAPR reduction when compared with PTS and SLM techniques, respectively. In addition, the best phase-shift factor was selected to reduce the cost of computational complexity

Enhance video quality through VANET based on Transmit Packet Coding (TPC)

Vehicular networking has emerged with wireless technology concept that supports safety messaging exchange, route condition updates, and real-time video traffic information sharing. However, the high dynamic topology of Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is a great problem towards the satisfaction of the stringent demands for video streaming. Most VANET services support either multimedia or extremely beneficial features. The focus of this paper is on the improvement of VANET video quality through the performance of network solution using Transmit Packet Coding (TPC). We also briefly discussed the issues and challenges for disseminating high-quality video over VANETs. This work employed mathematical analysis and network simulation for the performance evaluation. The simulation of the different scenarios of VANET and dissemination of video content over this network environment using NS2 and MATLAB was carried out. The result showed the suitability of the proposed technique over different existing solutions toward effective and efficient techniques, in terms of delivery ratio and probability for video broadcasting over vehicular environments

The VANET-Solution Approach for Data Packet Forwarding Improvement

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are ad hoc wireless mobile networks which is important role in commercial applications and safety of public vehicular communications. In VANETs, data routing is a major problem because of its quick change in topology and vehicular high mobility. The routing protocols that base on vehicular position are attracting much interest because of the availability and advancement of devices equipped with GPS. A major problem with VANETs is the frequent disruptions in the path of vehicles due to the high mobility of the participating vehicles. This can lead to the breaking of established links and result in low throughput, delay in service delivery, less overhead as well as low rate of delivery. In this paper, the Civil Defiance Vehicle (CDV) approach is proposed. The proposed approach (CDV-VANET) compared to VANET, incorporates a potential score-based strategy which is traditionally better in performance and might achieve less delay in service delivery with a higher rate of delivery

A Systematic Review on Flood Early Warning and Response System (FEWRS): A Deep Review and Analysis

Flood is the major natural hazard in Malaysia in terms of populations affected, area extent, frequency, social–economic damage, and flood duration. This shows the importance of providing comprehensive and effective flood mitigation management, which requires government agencies to enhance their employment performance that involves technological innovation. A flood early warning and response system (FEWRS) is essential to ensure that all stakeholders receive the right information and are provided with necessary actions and response information to avoid loss of lives and property. It should have some effective usability features and success components of its strategic information access and display; existing FEWRS fail and often do not effectively provide information on flood disasters to reduce their impacts at a local level to save the population’s lives. The measurement of information system (IS) success remains a top concern for researchers, managers, and practitioners. Therefore, this study seeks to provide a systematic overview of the most successful model of employment-related technical advancement for the management of flood disasters to improve its employees’ performance. In addition, examined factors that affect the successful implementation of flood management approaches, based on a systematic literature review among IS, show interrelationship of success factors. Findings from the literature suggest that the DeLone and McLean (D&M) model is the most widely employed model, recorded in 28 studies (39%). Further description of the 28 studies indicates that the D&M was either adopted alone or integrated with other theories. Moreover, results suggest the D&M is has been applied alone 39% of the time and has been extended 29% of the time; in total, 68% of the time, D&M has been applied either alone or extended in the information system domain. Additionally, 22% of the time it has been integrated with other theorie